Domestic hot water circulation pump head how to determine

For the domestic hot water circulation pump, its head is the highest distance the water pump can send water up to, the origin of the circulating pump water And at the same end of the same height, and did not go to send high, all that no problem with the smaller head. How to determine the home hot water circulation pump head How to determine the home hot water circulation pump head: 1, circulating pump flow rate by the general design of the hour to determine the percentage of hot water. Designed for single-hour hot water 25 - 30% of the district for the design of hot water 30 - 35%. 2, the head of the circulating pump calculated by the above-mentioned flow through the water supply and backwater pipeline losses, if it is through the instant or semi-instantaneous heater, but also calculated or in accordance with the parameters given by the manufacturer set losses. The two add up, and then multiply the multiples of 1.1 as the pump head. 3, circulating pump control through the return pipe before the pump temperature sensor to control start and stop. Start-stop temperature is generally 10 ° higher than the hot water supply pump, low 5 ° stop pump. Pump head: H = SQ ^ 2 Where: S - the total friction resistance of the circulating line; pump head lift - circulation flow. For selected pumps and pipelines, the flow Q = (H / S) ^ (1/2) if the total head loss of the pipe is equal to the head of the pump. If the total head loss of the pipe is not equal to the head of the pump, It should be determined by the characteristic equation of the pump and the characteristic equation of the pipe: H = SQ-2 = H0 = Ho / SoQ ^ Where: So - internal friction resistance of the pump; Ho - pump head when the flow is zero, can be found by the pump characteristic curve. H - pump head or pipeline head loss. There is no difference between head and flow when water point and pump height are +10 meters and -10 meters, but it must be noted that there should not be too large negative head (negative pressure) in the pipeline to avoid cavitation of pipeline or pump, or even not normal work. Domestic hot water circulation pump in addition to considering water distribution, backwater and other pipe network head loss, the head is the water pump to the water up to the maximum distance. The origin and end of the circulating pump water at the same level, and did not go to send high, so to say a small lift no problem.

The production process of copper in China is dominated by copper concentrates and pyrotechnic smelting of blister copper. The status quo is that the processing capacity is greater than the smelting capacity, smelting capacity has greatly exceeded the support capacity of copper concentrate, copper concentrate resources and scrap copper imports are required. Statistics show that in the 21st century, the output of domestic copper concentrate has not been significantly increased, maintaining an annual output of 600,000 tons (copper content, the same below), by the end of 2007 will form nearly 3.7 million tons of smelting capacity, far exceeding By then China's copper concentrate resources and the protection of the capacity of the international market may provide the amount of copper concentrate. The production capacity of copper mines in China can only meet 40% of the smelting capacity.

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