I. Incorrect use of aerator
1. No aerators on sunny days
Many farmers believe that at noon on sunny days, fish do not need to start aerators without floating their heads. They only recognize that aerators have the effect of concentrating water and increasing oxygen and neglect the most important role of algae in boosting oxygen. For example, in the sunny noon aerator, if it is opened for 1-3 hours, the excess oxygen produced by the photosynthesis of the algae in the surface will be brought to the bottom of the pond in advance, which can reduce hours at night or even more than ten hours. Generally, it saves 100-500 yuan in electricity per acre per year.
At the same time, the water temperature is high at noon, and the solubility of gas is low. The agitating water can also disperse poisonous substances such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, and methane gas in the bottom of the fish pond into the air to reduce the harm to the fish; at the same time, the strong ultraviolet rays of the sunlight can Harmful bacteria also have a certain role in killing; open the aerator during the day, is conducive to the digestion and absorption of fish feed, significantly reduce the feed coefficient, can increase production by more than 20%. The opening of aerators at noon on sunny days can effectively prevent the occurrence of air bubbles.
2, early in the evening to open aerator
The dissolved oxygen in the surface of the fish ponds in the middle of the night was too saturated. If the fish did not float, the aerators would be opened and the oxygen would be injected into the air to accelerate the oxygen depletion of the fish ponds.
3. No aerator before the thunderstorm
Before the onset of thunderstorms, the surface water temperature is generally high, but after the rain, the water temperature on the surface drops sharply, and the convection of the upper and lower water layers will cause flooding of the fish ponds. This will give the fish a strong stress and cause disease. Hypoxia causes the risk of dead fish. Opening an aerator beforehand will help balance the water temperature and increase dissolved oxygen at the bottom.
4. Never move the aerator
Some farmers will put aerators in fish ponds, and they will never move their positions from seedlings to dry ponds. They think it is unnecessary. The impeller-type aerator can make convection of the upper and lower water bodies. There is very little silt at the bottom of the aerator. If the aerator is moved 10-15d, it can change the bottom.
Second, incorrect control of feed feeding methods and feeding amount
Some farmers are not very clear about the number and size of food-eating fish in their fish ponds, resulting in the total quality of food-eating fish and how much feed is fed depending on the feeling; secondly, some farmers will not be based on the specifications of the fish. The granularity of the feedstuffs can be flexibly controlled. It is very difficult for the small fish to feed large pellet feeds. It is usually eaten after the bubbling, and most of the nutrients in the feed are lost to the water. Feeding large pellets to feed the large pellets prolongs the time for the fish to eat, wastes physical energy, and affects growth. Others do not adjust the feed amount according to the type of feed, and the daily feed rate of adult fish bulking material is generally 1.5-2%, the daily feeding rate of sinking material is 2.5-3%, and the daily feeding rate of fish seedlings is doubled, and the growth rate gradually decreases.
Others do not adjust the feeding amount according to the season, the weather, and the health status of the fish. During the high and low temperature seasons, the digestive enzyme activity of the fish is low. It is also wasteful to eat too much, and it also easily causes digestive tract diseases. In bad weather, dissolved oxygen in the water Low, eat more fish, not only is not conducive to digestion and absorption, and excreta seriously pollute the water quality, but also exacerbate the lack of oxygen in the fish, and even the incidence; if there are digestive diseases of fish, we must first reduce the amount of feeding, but can not feed grass , so as not to exacerbate the mechanical damage of the digestive tract, followed by timely mixing of baits for treatment, one meal a day, feeding in the afternoon;
In addition, the use of submerged water and floating water is beneficial to the consumption of fish in different water layers. The number of feeders is increased according to the number of fish, and two or more feeders are guaranteed to be fed at the same time to ensure different specifications. The fish are expected to eat. In the domestication stage, a feeding machine is used to feed large-sized feeds, which is conducive to the concentration of large-sized fish, and then another feeding machine is started. Small-sized fish will be eaten here for a period of time. After that, you can turn on the machine at the same time. Fish of different specifications will find their own food spots. In order to increase the fish's feeding efficiency, a waterwheel type aerator can be added near the feeder to form a water stream to increase the dissolved oxygen in the feed zone.
Third, the mode of farming is irrational
Some fish farmers do not consider the use of fish for different water layers. They only stock one main fish and do not consider the regulation of fish quality. They feel that the price of squid is not good and blindly increase the amount of squid, resulting in plankton. Overgrowth of plants, formation of blooms, and finally algae. Or some do not stock the ground fish (carp, squid, etc.), and feel that these fish do not grow fast. They can't reach the market specification of more than 500g a year, and they are prone to sepsis, but they ignore the use of these fish for the underlying organic matter. Disguised improved sediment and water quality.
Some do not consider the conflict between the feeding habits of fish, tilapia main pond is also a large number of stocking crickets, crickets, and finally these crickets, crickets are also not up to the large-scale listing, the price is very low; some also the main catfish tail? Or fish ponds such as salmon or tilapia, which require high protein feed, have to set up grass carp, resulting in grass carp often suffering from fatty liver, and eventually they will die. Others do not consider the conflict of selling fish, such as raising grass carp, catfish, fish ponds that are resistant to low-temperature fish, such as tilapia, freshwater fish, and other tropical fish. When fish prices are high in winter, they do not dare to pull nets. Sarcoma caused by tilapia and freshwater whitefish seriously affects the benefits of farming.
IV. The Optimum Opportunity to Correctly Treat Fish Diseases
Fish and fish ponds have abnormalities, such as jumping up and down, fish like to wipe the edges, red spots on the body surface (mostly caused by parasites, and sometimes caused by bubble disease when the upper jaw jumps), and the amount of food is reduced (bad, lacking Oxygen, poor water quality, gastroenteritis, parasites in the mouth or digestive tract, etc.), dark body coloration (mostly caused by gills), bright white patches on the tail of the fish (Pneumophila, Aeromonas sobria) Or Aeromonas hydrophila);
Another example is the occurrence of split-tailed fish and yellow bone fish (as caused by Edwardsiella etc.). The fish bodies in winter and spring are hairy (caused by water mold and cotton mold), and there are cloud-like patches on the surface of eel. Caused by Pseudomonas and Pseudomonas fluorescens), the color of red tilapia is shallow (hepatobiliary lesions), there are a large number of slender white fish dung floating on the surface of the fish pond (the fish has slight gastrointestinal lesions), or there has been a small amount of death fish.
Farmers generally have the chance to feel lucky and feel that they will be better in a few days, but in most cases they will become more and more serious. Most fish are infected and the treatment is poor. At this time, the dead fish has caused serious economic losses, but also increased the use of drugs, fish, drugs or drugs every day, a large workload, and finally made people grievous.
V. Disinfection after dry ponds
In order to reduce the workload or worry about the loss of fish ponds, there are a few fish ponds, fish farming for many years, never dried up and dredging, resulting in a large number of toxic substances, parasite eggs and harmful bacteria in the silt. Bring a lot of diseases to the farmed species; some ponds, even if dry ponds, do not use tea bran clear pond in addition to small trash fish and diseases, directly add water to continue to raise, such as carp, catfish, and tilapia, to the last full pond All of them are fry, and these fish have poor fry quality, slow growth rate and high density. Their output and specifications are not up to standard. Finally, they are sold at low prices with low economic benefits. Some fish ponds have no fish, nor are they. The use of bleaching powder to disinfect, causing harmful bacteria to continue to breed, some of the diseases that occurred last year, this year will easily repeat the mistakes.
Six, irrational fertilization
In order to reduce costs, some farmers use unfertile farmyard fertilizers, especially chicken manure (which contains a large number of harmful bacteria), which can easily cause fish disease. Another farmhouse fertilizer, improper use, but also to promote a large number of zooplankton breeding, resulting in water quality and thin oxygen, the main fish feed coefficient will also increase. Other farmers directly ignored the benefits of fertilizer and never used fertilizer products, resulting in low yields of filter-feeding fish.
For fish ponds and fertilizers, the specific conditions are specific. For fish ponds with a large amount of feed and deep silt, the organic matter and nitrogen sources themselves are relatively sufficient. We generally use decomposing bacteria (such as Vitality 58, Alcaligenes faecalis) and carbon. The source (to provide nutrition for bacteria), decomposes and mineralizes the organic matter in the sediment, providing nutrition for algae. At the same time to add some minerals and trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, zinc, calcium, boron, manganese, iron, magnesium);
For fish ponds that are newly excavated and yellow mud bottom (the absorption of fertilizers is too strong), the use of fungus should be reduced. Too many fungus species are used, algae not only cannot grow, but also provide nutrition for parasites. Parasitic diseases are caused, so the use of hydrophobic nutrient peptides (amino acids) should mainly be used to provide organic nitrogen sources, while regular use of a small amount of fertilizer as a supplement.
Incorrect use of pesticides
Some farmers have long used pesticides, trichlorfon, and copper sulphate to prevent or treat parasite diseases in order to save money. They also do not take the fish to the fishery drug store for examination and believe that one drug can cure all diseases. But in fact, parasites are mainly classified as protozoa, worms, and beetles. They have different sensitivities to different drugs. If they do not use drugs, the parasites kill them and kill them. In addition, the fish itself is free from parasitic diseases. The long-term use of insecticides in large quantities will cause harm to fish. On the one hand, it will affect growth. On the other hand, fish will develop drug resistance. Once you have a parasitic disease, use this medicine again. The effect is poor.
VIII. Incorrect understanding of the effectiveness of water transfer and mastering the use of water transfer products (microbiological agents)
Some farmers use water-reducing products as medicines (especially microbiological preparations) when water quality deteriorates or even dead fish appear. However, under these circumstances, these products not only do not play a role in killing insects, but also have adverse effects. Such as commonly used Bacillus subtilis, is an aerobic bacteria, such as poor water quality and oxygen, but also accelerate the incidence of fish; and such as photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, etc., in the absence of oxygen ammonia and nitrate Such as nitrite, the greater the poisoning of fish.
Therefore, beneficial bacteria can only play the role of icing on the cake and can not play the role of sending charcoal in the snow. When the water quality is good, the use of water transfer products can maintain the original water quality and prevent the development of water quality. Some farmers think that the water in their own ponds is good, the groundwater is free of pathogens, and groundwater is often used to change the water. However, he overlooks that some groundwater is free of oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and heavy metals exceed the standards. This will cause both algae and cultured species in the water. harm;
However, those chemical water transfer products should be used as little as possible, because most of these products use water adsorption, flocculation, oxidation, and reduction as a function of water transfer. They only serve as a temporary solution, and they easily rebound and rebound. The harm is even greater; some farmers may think that their fish is not a problem. Using water transfer products is a waste of money. In fact, fish farmers have not seen potential losses. On the one hand, water quality is poor (anoxic, ammonia, nitrous acid). Salt, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and harmful bacteria have a high concentration, and they are prone to floating, prolonging the use of oxygen aerators and increasing power consumption. On the other hand, fish have been in a sub-healthy state, and have a high feed coefficient and eat slowly. The increase in growth costs, and the high incidence, once the disease, the loss is more serious, in addition to loss of breeding costs, but also fish medicine and labor costs.
In addition, the normal breeding plan will be broken, and even if the fish price is good, they will not dare to sell fish, and the breeding cycle will also be extended to increase the breeding cost in disguised form.
IX. Incorrect use of internal health care products
In order to prevent diseases, many farmers prefer to feed fish with antibacterial drugs. However, the long-term use of these antibiotics will affect the health of fish, making it difficult to treat fish when it is really diseased.
At present, feed ingredients have been rising all the way, feed prices have not been properly increased, the quality of feed formulations has been declining all the time (more and more toxic chow, such as cottonseed meal, more and more oil content, also higher and higher oil content), the proportion of the use of extruded materials Increasingly large (high temperature curing, large vitamin loss). At the same time, for the rapid growth of fish, farmers blindly increase the amount of feed they feed, completely exceeding the demand for natural growth of fish, bringing severe burden to digestive and detoxifying organs such as liver, gallbladder and intestine, and basically raising fish or more. There are few hepatobiliary lesions.
Therefore, we usually give fish to feed Huabaigankang (Chinese herbal medicine, mainly for fatty liver), fisheries special multidimensional (mainly containing vitamin C), and vitality 66 (complex enzyme microecological system), aiming at improving the detoxification function of the liver on the one hand. Effectively eliminate oxidation damage caused by oxidation of feed oil, on the other hand, can promote digestion and absorption, reduce intestinal load, increase intestinal flora, decompose feces, and indirectly improve water quality.
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