Shatang orange is native to Guangdong Sihui and it is a famous local variety in Guangzhou and Sihui. It has wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and stable yield, good fruit quality, fruity orange yellow, sweet, thin, peelable and easy to peel on the market. High reputation, deeply loved by consumers. The main measures for dwarfing and planting early-stage, high-yield and high-yielding cultivation techniques for shatangjue are summarized below for reference:
First, the establishment of plantation
Shatangju has a wide adaptability, and the conditions in our region are completely suitable for planting. The requirements for soil conditions are not strict. No matter whether paddy fields, hillside land or alluvial soils can be planted, the soil structure should be good, the soil is deep, fertile and the water resources are sufficient. , Easy irrigation and drainage, soil pH value of 5.5 ~ 6.5 between the sandy loam or gravel soil planting. Generally, they can be planted after the new shoot is matured and before the next shoot is sprouted. Spring plants and autumn and winter plants are preferred.
Planting specifications adopt the dwarf close planting cultivation method, that is: strains, behavioral distance of 2.22.5 meters, 120 acres of planting. Before planting, planting holes should be opened and the soil in the planting holes should be improved so as to develop the growth and development of the root system. Paddy fields are lined with sorghum. In dry and hilly soils with poor soil quality, dig deep and wide one-meter-wide planting holes or use sulcus to replace planting holes. When soil is reconstituted, one layer of soil is divided into three to four layers of fertilizer. Usually, every cubic meter of planting hole should be placed. 75 to 100 kilograms of soil mixed fertilizer, 0.5 to 0.75 kilograms of lime.
Second, planting methods. Seedlings should be graded for easy management. When planting, the fibrous roots should be allowed to stretch naturally, without direct contact with the unfermented fertilizer, so as not to cause root damage and affect the growth. Soil should be compacted at the time of returning to the soil. The height of the filling cannot be buried in the grafted interface. Planting water after planting leaves the roots to keep the soil moist. The temperature is high, the weather is clear and there is no rain, the soil is dry, it is necessary to spray water every day, and it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage of water in rainy days.
Third, young tree management
The goals of the young tree management: nurture a strong underground root system, strong shoots on the aboveground skeleton, and a firm structure. Early knot, high yield, stable production crown crown. Mainly do a good job:
1. Young trees have small canopies, and there are many empty spaces between plants and rows. They should make full use of intercropping to plant dwarf crops such as peanuts, beans and green manure in order to improve soil fertility and improve microclimate in orchards.
2, prompt release. An age tree is mainly cultivated with a canopy, and four shoots are placed. Each shoot requires a robust shoot of 2 to 3 inches (6 to 8 inches) on each base. 1 Spring shoots (February), 2 Early summer shoots (early May) 3 Late summer shoots (mid-July and mid-July), 4 Autumn shoots (mid-September), picking up the autumn shoots of hanging fruit trees in the coming year During the summer to Bailu period, it is necessary to do a good job of controlling the tip of the shoot, and the key must be to grasp the two 80% before they can be tipped, that is, the whole garden has 80% of buds full of germination, 80% of branches have sprouted Vomit.
3, a reasonable fertilization. An age tree fertilization is based on the principle of diligence and thin application, and it is mainly to do a good job of “one shoot and three fertilizers”, ie, tip shooter fertilizer, self-scissor fertilizer and green manure fertilizer. Application of quick-acting fertilizers and decomposed human excreta. The deep-turning and soil-changing work in the garden has expanded its roots.
Fourth, result tree management
1, fertilization. The results of tree fertilization mainly according to their growth and development requirements, to organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combination, rhizosphere fertilizer and dressing fertilizer combined with the outside, N, P, K fertilizer use, pay attention to the application of appropriate trace element fertilizer.
Apply fertilizer four times.
1 promote flower shoot fertilizer. Before the spring shoots, the quick-effect N fertilizer is the mainstay.
2 fruit strong fruit fertilizer. Mainly in the second physiological fruit drop before the application, N fertilizer should be used with caution, combined with P, K fertilizer.
3 autumn shoot fertilizer. In the 15 to 20 days before the white dew, it is mainly available N-fertilizer, with P and K fertilizers.
4 winter fertilizer. After the fruit is harvested, the total long-term organic fertilizer is the main component, and the fast-acting N fertilizer should be properly supplemented for the multi-fruited and high-yield trees.
2. Grasp the spring shoots, control summer shoots, and promote autumn shoots. Sparse part of spring shoots to reduce nutrient consumption. Manually wipe off early summer shoots and put young shoots on young trees. The autumn shoot is the main result of Shatangju, and if the autumn shoot is full, it will directly affect the flowering result in the coming year. Therefore, over the past few years, we have been paying great attention to the management of autumn shoots to promote the release of the shoots. In the cool weather during the white dew, pruning is carried out 7-10 days before the shoot tipping. The short-term shoots are large and the result tree is replaced with fruit-for-knife (that is, the fruit is cut off), so as to ensure sufficient amount of strong autumn shoots. , And wipe the shoots. Youth trees, fertilizers and water management of good orchard can be put on the white tip, put the tipping time can not be too early or too late, premature release, may pumping winter shoots, too late to put down the tip of autumn can not be mature, affect flower bud differentiation.
3, to promote flower bud differentiation. Through the application of fruit before and after the fertilizer, autumn shoots mature after the old water, combined with deep turning to change the root cut and other measures to inhibit the growth of winter shoots, increase the concentration of sap, and promote flower bud differentiation.
4, preserved fruit.
1 Thanks to spend 2/3 to spray 1~2 times 5~8PPM2.4-D to increase the rate of fruit set.
2 The fight for nutrients in topnuts is the main factor affecting the fruit setting rate, especially in young orchards, where there are no flowers and spring shoots are too long, which consumes a large amount of nutrients, which affects the development of flower organs and young fruit and causes a large number of fruit drop and fruit drop. Therefore, it should be properly sparse. except.
3 timely removal of early summer shoots to reduce the fight for nutrients.
4 Add fertilizing materials and top dressings outside the roots. In addition to applying a fruit dressing in April, apply 2~3 times of 0.3% urea plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, add 0.1% borax and 0.1% magnesium sulfate. To increase the percentage of fruit set.
5, pay attention to winter pruning work. Moderate winter pruning is one of the key measures for dwarf close planting and stable production, but the principle of pruning is mainly light shearing, combined with the winter clearing garden, cut off dead branches, branches and branches, cross branches, short cuts, long branches, drooping branches, delicate Branches, and there are plans for the 5 ~ 9 part of the branch back shortening, cut the thickness of about 1 cm control. Try to keep the green leaves branches, keep the crowns airy and transparent, and maintain the independence of the crown.
6, do pest control work. Highlighting the principle of prevention as the main principle and prevention as the most important thing. Organically use comprehensive prevention and control such as agricultural control, biological control, chemical control, and physical control. Do a good job:
1 Do a good job of tree pruning, soil, fertilizer, water and other management, enhance tree vigor, and improve plant resistance.
(2) Pay attention to the clearing of winter gardens, deepen the whole garden, apply lime, remove the branches, fruits, and leaves of the pests, spray 0.8 to 1 degree of lime sulfur mixture 1 to 2 times, and use pine resin mixture 1 times to remove overwintering pests and diseases.
3 Select suitable pesticides and use concentration, use drugs in the best period of prevention and control, prevent and treat them early, focus on treatment, and eradicate pests and diseases at the beginning stage. At the same time pay attention to the use of pesticides in order to prevent pests and diseases. Mixed different types of pesticides to improve efficacy, in order to achieve the purpose of cure. Shatang orange pests and diseases mainly catch yellow dragon disease, ulcer disease, split fruit disease, red, rust spider, leaf leaf moth, etc.
Paddy Field Pusher
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